Directors are legally responsible to the shareholders and must Essay

Directors are legally responsible to the shareholders and must prioritise their interests - Essay Example what a court may consider is in the interests of the company but also introduces the new concept of enlightened shareholder value (Re Smith & Fawcett). It has been argued that the English company law inched closer to, but has not firmly adopted the stakeholder theory. Thus, the test in s.172 remains subjective because what mainly constitutes the success of the company depends on the director’s good faith judgment which may not be objective. It appears that there are no objective criteria in s.172 against which the actions of directors can be assessed. Therefore, it becomes very difficult to prove a breach of this duty. At common law, the objective considerations were introduced by the courts to supplement the subjective test. For instance, in Charterbridge Corp Ltd v Lloyds Bank Ltd, the courts considered whether an intelligent and honest director could in the whole of the circumstances reasonably believe the transaction to be for the benefit of the company as a whole. However, Section 172 makes no reference to this objective consideration in view of the significant role of common law rules in the interpretation and application of the codified duties (s.170(3) and (4). Keay (2007) argues that it is most likely that the courts would conside r the objective test in assessing directors’ actions in any given scenario. There are quite a number of theories the questions the main interests that are supposed to guide the operations of the company. For instance, the traditional approach in the UK is the shareholder value principle (or shareholder primacy), which stipulates that a company should be run for the wealth maximization of its shareholders above those of other parties such as customers and suppliers. For instance, the directors have a duty to act in the interests of the company (Percival v Wright), which are interpreted as the best interests of present and future shareholders (Hutton v West Cork Railway Company). The shareholder value theory states that

MGM624-0901A-01 Applied Accounting for Decision-Making - Phase 1 Essay - 1

MGM624-0901A-01 Applied Accounting for Decision-Making - Phase 1 Discussion Board 2 - Essay Example However, a steep increase in the prices will have an adverse effect on the sales volume. Hence an increase of 5% in the sales price will bring the break even volume back to [500,000 / (315 – 115)] 2,500 units. It is evident that JTI has invested heavily in the initial manufacturing of the new luggage line. Steps have to be taken to increase productivity of the entire manufacturing process, by reducing wastage and increasing the effectiveness of the labour. The effectiveness of the resources can be attained by introducing incentives based on performance. Awards can also be presented to the most effective employees every month and this will act as a motivating factor for the employees to increase the productivity (Samuels et al, 2000). Assuming that theses schemes reduce the variable costs to $110, then the break even volume becomes [500,000 – (315 – 110)] 2,440 units. There is a risk of losing sales volume, when the price is increased. The increase in price is profitable as long as the sales volume remains at 3,600 units. It is essential to consider the number of customers JTI stands to lose by increasing the prices (Baker et al, 2008). There are a number of risks involved in introducing incentives based on performance to increase the performance. The management has to set up benchmarks to quantify performance. In case the goals set are impossible to attain, the scheme will de-motivate the employees and can have a negative impact on productivity. Also, if the goals are very simple to attain, then the company stands to lose more in terms of incentive payouts to the employees (Latham, 2004). Hence excessive care has to be taken to set the benchmarks against which the performance of the employees will be measured. From the above arguments, it is clear that JTI has to increase prices and also increase the productivity in order to maintain

Bullying speech Essay Example for Free

Bullying speech Essay What does it feel like to wake up in the morning and look forward to a day of teasing and name calling? What does it feel like to be engulfed in a world of negativity? Bullying Unwanted and aggressive behavior among school aged children involving real or perceived power imbalance. Bullying is no man’s best friend and it shouldn’t be. We see it all around us in our daily lives. All across the United States, this form of victimization has become an infamous trend among scholars. About 3 million out of America’s 21 million students are affected by bullying. That is about 1 student in every 7 students! Numerous people have different perspectives on what bullying is. Some think it means physical hurting while others think it is only emotional hurting. All of these are correct due to the fact that there are different ways one can be bullied. Bullying is unwanted and repeated behavior among students which includes Physical, Verbal, Indirect, social Alienation, Intimidation and Cyber Bullying. see more:speeches on bullying Physical bullying is a serious problem it is when one person or a group of people picks on or harasses another person in a face to face confrontational manner. Verbal bullying is the most common form but it is just as bad as the other types. It is when an individual uses verbal language (e.g., insults, teasing, etc.) to gain power over his or her peers. Social Alienation is one type of bullying whereby exclusion is occurring between students due to social differences. The devastating part about this form is that it is not easily recognized as a form of bullying. Intimidation is the acts of making someone feel fearful by using threats. Last but not least, Cyber bullying which happens when kids bully each other through electronic devices. Over 25 percent of adolescents and teens have been bullied repeatedly through their cell phones or the Internet. With the increase in our use of technology, this form of bullying is increasing to higher rates. How can you stop this from happening? How can we put an end to bullying? It’s simple. The best way is NOT ignoring it whenever you see it going on. STEP UP! And be an advocate for your fellow peers that are hurting. Bulling is BAD! And it is up to YOU if you would let it happen when  you see it going on or stop it. experience

Privacy In Turkey :: Research Private Essays

Privacy In Turkey Introduction What is privacy? Who decides what is private and what is not? Is it acceptable if someone interferes or discloses personal information? These are some of the questions that we face everyday in our lives. It is mostly up to the individual to keep some information private but what happens when the flow of information occurs based on the trust to the underlying infrastructure, such as phone lines? Should we, as individuals, expect that every phone conversation is being monitored or as confidential? It is known that knowledge of information is vital, especially in the 21st century where the timeliness, accuracy, and confidentiality of information mean everything. In 1988, United Nations Commissioner on Human Rights Article 17 states that integrity and confidentiality of messages should be guaranteed; despite this fact, many countries, primarily the US, have involved in an effort to limit individual privacy and improve the ability of governmental agencies to listen in personal conversations.1 As an example of such activities, this paper will provide information regarding an actual case that took place in capital city of Turkey, Ankara in 1999. The case will be followed by some facts that will be relevant; then an analysis from different ethical perspectives on this issue will take place. This paper will conclude by depicting my personal ideas and reasoning on the ethical aspects of this particular privacy case. Privacy Case In 1999, Ankara police was sued because of listening in personal telephone conversations of Prime Minister.2 It was later discovered that, Prime Minister was not the only person whose phone lines were tapped, an additional 962 people’s private conversations were interfered with also.3 Among the victims there were governors, businessmen, attorneys at law, and journalists. This was a much publicized incident due to its scope and effect on the privacy and notion of privacy for individuals. As a result, Interior Ministry of Turkey was sued for invading privacy of individuals but Interior Ministry declined these allegations and stated that nothing really bad happened at the end.2 None of the information that was gathered during the eavesdropping sessions was disclosed. In addition to suing of Interior Ministry, some of the officers from Ankara Police Department were sued and some of them were convicted.3 Facts In Turkey, there are laws that are similar to the US Fourth Amendment. Individuals have expectation of privacy. Article 20 of Turkish Constitute states that the privacy of individual and family life is protected under the law.

Manchester Products Essay

Manchester Home expanded household furniture division by adding market leader PLFD – Addition of 990 million in PLFD revenues – Addition of established sales force, talented design teams – PLFD’s Signature Style line very popular with consumers †¢ Ability to combine PL design skills with MH engineering and manufacturing – Manufacturing expertise and ergonomic designs †¢ Concerns – How to tie-in PL’s bold designs with MH’s conservative style – Customer confusion over new brand name 5C’S OF THE ACQUISITION Company †¢ Companies’ strengths and weaknesses complement each other 5C’S OF THE ACQUISITION Customers †¢ Target consumers ages 34-55; Income over $50K – MH consumers are categorized as conservative elegance – PLFD consumers are more fashion-conscious, trend setters – Will need a way to reach both customer segments †¢ Results from target consumer surveys – Low brand loyalty – 60% would change brands – High information search – Style, design, quality, comfort most important qualities – all covered by MH/PL – PL has high brand awareness, almost double that of MH, will help to co-brand them to raise awareness for MH 5C’S OF THE ACQUISITION Collaborators †¢ Manchester already has network of office distribution channels, now they gain access to household distribution channels through Paul Logan. – PL sales force has strong ties to leading distributions channels – PL strength in upscale furniture stores, specialty stores, department stores †¢ Strong relationship with buyers – Concern over brand going away, necessary to create a smooth brand transition so consumers make the switch †¢ Push strategies important to build strong relationships with distribution network – 90% of PL shipments include Purchase Allowances 5C’S OF THE ACQUISITION Competitors †¢ Paul Logan was market leader †¢ Household Furniture Industry $36.64 billion in 2004; positive % growth projections A mature industry Large number of corporate consolidations Low-cost imports from Asia/Mexico moving into higher price levels Domestic companies ready to attack the vulnerability of the new brand and position †¢ We need strong advertising and marketing mix †¢ Many competitors have company owned stores – Crucial to leverage our distribution channels to gain market access 5C’S OF THE ACQUISITION Context †¢ Office furniture sales growth tied to employment growth and new business formation. – Burst of dot.com bubble and recession have decreased demand for office furniture †¢ Rise in ‘teleworking’ could increase demand for home office †¢ Demand for home furniture is tied to new home construction and home sales. †¢ Innovative and stylish products to bolster demand MOVING FORWARD ANALYSIS OF FUTURE BRANDING: OPTIONS †¢ Drop the Paul Logan name right away – Losing their current brand awareness – Need to educate customers – Strong distribution channel relationships could be damaged †¢ Keep using the Paul Logan name for the entire allotted three years – Ad agency advises against this option, as they don’t want to allocate advertising dollars to a brand with a three year shelf life †¢ Transition mid-point – Leverage the Paul Logan name to build strong brand awareness for Manchester – Continue to use the PL name in subtext for 1.5 yrs.; conduct consumer research to reevaluate after this time. – Business recommendation to convert the name 100% to Manchester Home after 1.5 yrs. ANALYSIS OF FUTURE BRANDING: OPTIONS †¢ Brand name transition: – First 6 months: Manchester Home: The New Home for Paul Logan Furniture – Following year: Manchester Home: The Home for Paul Logan Furniture – After 1.5 yrs.: Conduct consumer research to reevaluate transition †¢ Business recommendation is to drop the Paul Logan name †¢ Want to ensure the Manchester Home brand has achieved a sufficient awareness before removing PL OUR FUTURE ADVERTISING STRATEGIES †¢ Strong campaign is critical to the success of the new brand name – $184 million allotted for 2005 – Includes national and cooperative advertising for both PLFD and MH products †¢ Push vs. Pull – MH to allocate more $ towards Push advertising – Heavy Push & Pull the first 1.5 yrs. – Marketing & Communications mix to form long-term company image †¢ Promotional Programs – Purchase allowances – Recommend amending the planned 2005 marketing expenditures to allow for purchase allowances. †¢ Currently based on % of sales – Due to brand transition, allocate a fixed amount to advertising to ensure the levels do not drop RECOMMENDATIONS †¢ Continue to use the Paul Logan name to leverage brand awareness and channel partnerships †¢ Focus strongly on both Push and Pull strategies the first 1.5 yrs. to communicate the acquisition – Amend proposed 2005 advertising plan to incorporate more Push strategies, specifically Purchase Allowances that contributed to the success of the PL distribution network †¢ After 1.5 yrs., the business goal is to transition brand officially to Manchester Home QUESTIONS?

Case Study Nursing Interview With Vicky - 984 Words

Nursing Interview with Vicky For this interview I had the opportunity to speak to Vicky Ronald, RN, BSN, OCN. She has been working as a nurse for 20 years now and stated that she loves what she does because it is a gift and a blessing to contribute in healing patients. This interview is a brief history and description of how Vicky made it to the top of the Nursing ladder, her roles, past experience and how she integrates HIPAA to maintain patient confidentiality. Vicky Ronald was born and raised in Lubbock, TX. She believes that she was born to be a nurse; this explains why she knew at the age of seven that she wanted to become a nurse or a doctor. Also, when her third grade teacher asked her what she wanted to be, she said â€Å"a nurse.† Throughout high school, Vicky began volunteering as a â€Å"candy stripper† in a small hospital in Lubbock. Since the hospital was small, every staff knew her, and that gave her the opportunity to learn more and be prepared for the future. Once she turned sixteen, she was hired at the hospital as a laboratory assistant. Once in a while, she also worked as nurse aid and waitress at the hospital. She continued working for this hospital even when she began college. She went to South Plains College and completed most of her prerequisites for RN. Vicky did not complete the prerequisites because she got married and moved to California; she took off school for a year. During her college year off, she worked as a cashier at a military training facility.Show MoreRelatedDissociative Personality Disorder ( Ptsd )1840 Words   |  8 Pagesthere are unsuccessful psychiatric treatment, periods of amnesia, and disturbances in time perception. Standard tests that demonstrate presence of dissociation are: Diagnostic Drawing Series, Dissociative Experiences Scale, Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule, and SCID-D. Diagnosis also correlates with DSM-V. The signs and symptoms that are apparent are lack of recall beyond ordinary forgetfulness, pronounced changes in facial presentation, voice, and behavior. Hallucinations, particularly audioRead MoreContextual Factors8375 Words   |  34 Pages JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING ORIGINAL RESEARCH An interpretative phenomenological study of Chinese mothers’ experiences of constant vigilance in caring for a hospitalized sick child Regina L.T. Lee Vicky W.K. Lau Accepted for publication 6 October 2012 Correspondence to R.L.T. Lee: e-mail: hsrlee@polyu.edu.hk Regina L.T. Lee PhD RN Assistant Professor School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China Vicky W.K. Lau MN RN AdvancedRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to

Integrated Science - 615 Words

Integrated Science Energy in a system may be transformed so that it resides in a different state. Energy in many states may be used to do many varieties of physical work. Energy may be used in natural processes or machines, or else to provide some service to society (such as heat, light, or motion). For example, an internal combustion engine converts the potential chemical energy in gasoline and oxygen into heat, which is then transformed into the propulsive energy (kinetic energy that moves a vehicle). A solar cell converts solar radiation into electrical energy that can then be used to light a bulb or power a computer. In the modern world we use energy for anything such as to power our house, to drive our car, cellphones and many other†¦show more content†¦The oil development is really advanced because we use it to power cars, trains, airplanes and we make lots of household products with it. While oil is our main sources of energy, the world reserve of oil is running extremely low. The big companies’ needs to develop other ways to provide energy to the world population and to use other materials than plastic and other oil based products. Solar and wind energy are two popular alternative energy to fossil fuels. Personally I really like the solar energy source of energy because its free, clean and anybody can used it, But the only problem with solar energy is the development of saving it is very slow and not really reliable. Some houses in Florida use solar energy but it’s not 100 % efficient because they still have to rely on the electric company or gas powered generator to re charge batteries. Developing solar energy to be more efficient and cheaper lots of developing countries will have an easier and faster way to provide electricity. Wind technology is another clean and safe way to power homes, cities, countries. Wind technology is not available as solar technology but they need to make it more available to people and if they want to go away from coal and oil they need to develop it more to provide a clean and safer way to provide electricity to the massShow MoreRelated2011 Cxc Integrated Science Paper 21930 Words   |  8 Pagesproduce more carbon dioxide in 2010? (1 mark) Total 25 marks 10.0 :t eZO 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 0.0 1958 1968 1978 e x 1988 S 1998 2008 2013 arboi i nus ( )N TO T FXI Integrated Science Paper 02—June2011 Comments Question 1: Exemplar 1. 2 and 3 Part (a) These candidates were awarded full marks for this part of the question because the candidates clearly stated the type of energy present as required in (i) and correctlyRead MoreLesson Plan in Integrated Science- Phases of the Moon Essay1017 Words   |  5 PagesDETAILED LESSON PLAN IN INTEGRATED SCIENCE Competency: Know the difference between Living and Non- living Things I. 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Also before WWI, many students did not opt to take on graduate work. Instead, students typically would obtain a Bachelor’s of Science and learn practical skills in the work environment. After WWI, improvements such as robust radio communication, led to media broadcasts such as radio shows, resulting in new education options for EE students. At the same time student interest in